In Europe this round is called 7,7x58mm Japanese Arisaka and it was adopted by the Japanese army in 1939 to replace the older 6,5 mm round. For some reason they ended up using both rounds during WW II. It uses the same .311” bullets as the .303 British, and is very similar in performance. However, the 7,7 Japanese - or the .31 Jap, as it sometimes is called - is rimless as opposed to the rimmed case of the .303 British. Like the .303 it could be characterized as an old 8mm-08 and is covers almost the same range of game as the .308 Winchester.